The Kobe Paper Tube House, designed by architect Shigeru Ban, is a remarkable innovation in temporary housing, particularly for disaster relief. Following the devastating 1995 Kobe earthquake in Japan, Ban created these shelters as a practical and affordable solution for those displaced by the disaster.
These shelters, measuring approximately 13 feet by 13 feet, are constructed using simple and recyclable materials, including beer crates, sandbags, plywood, cardboard tubes, waterproof tape, and steel rods. The beer crates are used to build a flood-resistant foundation, followed by a layer of plywood for the flooring. The walls are formed from cardboard tubes, which are both durable and biodegradable, and steel rods provide additional support.
One of the unique features of the Kobe Paper Tube House is its adaptable roofing system. The roof, made from plywood and tent-like material, is designed to be operable under various climatic conditions. In summer, it allows air circulation, while in winter, it helps retain warm air inside the structure. The waterproof tape and sponges used in the construction ensure that the shelter remains weather-resistant.
The cost-effectiveness and ease of assembly of these Paper Log Houses make them an ideal solution in disaster scenarios. The entire structure can be assembled in less than six hours at an economical cost of about $2000. Moreover, the materials are easy to store and transport, with the possibility of producing paper tubes on-site.
Shigeru Ban’s innovative approach doesn’t stop with the Kobe Paper Tube House. He has adapted this concept to various disaster-stricken regions, tailoring the design to local conditions and available materials. For example, in Turkey, the paper tubes were filled with shredded paper for insulation against the winter, and in India, the design incorporated traditional mud floors and a bamboo vaulted roof for the hot climate.
Ban’s work with the Paper Log Houses and other similar structures has earned recognition for its humanitarian principles, sustainable use of materials, and adaptability to local contexts. His designs are not only a response to immediate disaster relief needs but also a testament to the potential of architecture in contributing to societal well-being during times of crisis.
For more detailed information about Shigeru Ban’s Kobe Paper Tube House and his other architectural innovations, you can explore the sources from RTF | Rethinking The Future, TED Blog, Design for disaster, Morgan Marzo, Georgia Straight, and Shigeru Ban Architects.